International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research
Abbreviation: IJIASR | ISSN (Print): 2602-4810 | ISSN (Online): 2602-4535 | DOI: 10.29329/ijiasr

Original article    |    Open Access
International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research 2018, Vol. 2(1) 1-8

Human Endogenous Retroviruses

Buket Çakmak Güner & Nermin Gözükırmızı

pp. 1 - 8   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiasr.2018.132.1

Published online: March 29, 2018  |   Number of Views: 289  |  Number of Download: 883

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Abstract

Human Endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) occupy nearly 8% of human genome. They are thought to be remnants of retroviruses.  These integrated elements have gag, pol and env coding regions. The genome order of 5 ’LTR-gag-pro-pol-env-LTR 3’ is completely conserved among known retroviruses and endogenous retroviruses. A complete LTRs consists of untranslated 5’ (U5), repeat (R) and untranslated 3’ (U3) regions. ERVs have the potential to proliferate within a genome.  Due to the nonsense mutations, methylations and deletions, most families of HERV lost their coding regions and therefore could not produce functional proteins. Most of HERVs are structurally incomplete with deletions and insertions. Although human genomehave many protective mechanisms, there are many transcriptionally active transposons and endogenous retroviruses in the human genome. Given their nature within the genome, HERVs have potential for genetic disorders, cancer, autoimmunity and neurological diseases. There are many studies investigating the association ofHERVs with  diseases. In this review, we  give a short summary from a few of  of these studies.

Keywords: Human endogenous retroviruses, human diseases, HERV-K, HERV-E, HERV-W.

How to Cite this Article

APA 6th edition
Guner, B.C. & Gozukirmizi, N. (2018). Human Endogenous Retroviruses . International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research, 2(1), 1-8. doi: 10.29329/ijiasr.2018.132.1

Harvard
Guner, B. and Gozukirmizi, N. (2018). Human Endogenous Retroviruses . International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research, 2(1), pp. 1-8.

Chicago 16th edition
Guner, Buket Cakmak and Nermin Gozukirmizi (2018). "Human Endogenous Retroviruses ". International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research 2 (1):1-8. doi:10.29329/ijiasr.2018.132.1.
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