One of the most widely produced essential oil–bearing plants in the world, rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.), is extensively used in industry. Although more than two hundred and ninety components have been identified in its essential oil, the plant is considered a high value-added species, particularly preferred in the perfumery sector due to the increasing demand for its essential oil, its broad industrial applications, and its rose-like aroma. For this reason, the development of economically feasible, environmentally friendly, and sustainable practices that can enhance productivity is of great importance. This study was conducted to determine the effects of elicitor applications on shoot development of rose-scented geranium under in vitro conditions. In the study, the effects of different doses of melatonin, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and pectin elicitors on in vitro plant growth were comparatively evaluated. As a result of the findings obtained, significant changes were observed in various parameters depending on the type and dose of the elicitor applied. Pectin treatments, particularly at doses ranging from 50 to 150 mg/L, supported regenerative growth by producing values close to or higher than the control group in terms of root formation and shoot number. This indicates that pectin is an elicitor with balanced effects on plant development and low phytotoxicity. In melatonin treatments, an increase in shoot length and dry weight was observed at a low dose (10 µM); however, with increasing doses, marked decreases occurred in rooting, shoot number, and biomass production. MeJA treatments suppressed root and shoot development at all doses and exhibited inhibitory effects on shoot growth, especially at medium and high doses. Overall, it was concluded that pectin may be preferred as a suitable elicitor in in vitro studies focused on regeneration and growth, melatonin may be preferred in studies aiming to enhance shoot length and biomass at low doses, whereas MeJA suppresses shoot development across all evaluated parameters and may yield unfavorable results in regeneration-oriented studies.