International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research
Abbreviation: IJIASR | ISSN (Print): 2602-4810 | ISSN (Online): 2602-4535 | DOI: 10.29329/ijiasr

Original article    |    Open Access
International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research 2017, Vol. 1(1) 47-56

Angiospermlerde Genomik Damgalama

Aslıhan Özbilen

pp. 47 - 56   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiasr.2017.99.5

Published online: December 29, 2017  |   Number of Views: 327  |  Number of Download: 906

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Abstract

Çiçekli bitkilerde embriyo ve embriyoyu besleyen endosperm dokusu çifte döllenme ile oluşur. Bu organizmalarda endosperm dokularında bazı genlerin yalnızca anneden gelen kopyalarının, bazılarının ise babadan gelen kopyalarının ifade olmasına genomik damgalama (damgalanma) denir. Genomik damgalama, epigenetik modifikasyonlar sonucu oluşur, anne alellerinin sessizleştirilmesinden genel olarak PRC2 kompleksi sorumluyken, baba alellerinin sessizleştirilmesinde PRC2 kompleksi veya metilasyon sorumludur. Bu epigenetik değişiklikler damgalama kontrol bölgeleri olarak bilinen DNA dizilerinde meydana gelir. Bu bölgelerin genomik damgalamaya uğrayacak gene olan uzaklıkları, o gene ait ana ya da baba alelinin ifade seviyesini belirler. Son zamanlarda, transkriptom ve metilom çalışmaları çeşitli bitki türlerinde 200’den fazla genomik damgalamaya uğrayan gen varlığını işaret etmiştir. Bu genlerin genomik damgalamaya uğradıkları, PCR yöntemleri ve mutasyonlar ile kanıtlanmıştır. Genomik damgalamaya uğrayan genlerin metiltransferaz aktivitesinden ligaz aktivitesine kadar çok çeşitli işlevleri bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu genlerin yakınlarında transpozon elementleri keşfedilmiş olup, bu durum damgalamanın, transpozonların susturulması ile ilgili süreçler sonucunda ortaya çıktığını düşündürmektedir. Buna ek olarak, genomik damgalamaya uğrayan genlerin çoğunun genom duplikasyonu sonucu ortaya çıktığı düşünülmektedir. Bu genler, paraloglarına göre, daha hızlı değişim oranı göstermektedir. Genomik damgalama ebeveyn çatışma teorisi ile açıklanmaktadır. Bu teoriye göre baba genomu kaynakları yalnızca kendi döllerini destekleyecek şekilde düzenlerken, anne genomu tüm döllere eşit miktarda kaynak aktarır ve bu durum ebeveyn genomlar arasında bir anlaşmazlığa neden olur. Bu anlaşmazlık, alellerin köken aldıkları ebeveyne göre ifade edildiği genomik damgalama için bir temel oluşturabilir. Genomik damgalama için bazı bitkiler ortak mekanizmalar ile hareket ediyorken, bazı yakın türler oldukça farklı süreçler sergileyebilmektedirler. Bu nedenle, genomik damgalama sürecinin aydınlatılması için yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Keywords: Genomik damgalama, Endosperm, Epigenetik, DNA metilasyonu

How to Cite this Article

APA 6th edition
Ozbilen, A. (2017). Angiospermlerde Genomik Damgalama. International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research, 1(1), 47-56. doi: 10.29329/ijiasr.2017.99.5

Harvard
Ozbilen, A. (2017). Angiospermlerde Genomik Damgalama. International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research, 1(1), pp. 47-56.

Chicago 16th edition
Ozbilen, Aslihan (2017). "Angiospermlerde Genomik Damgalama". International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research 1 (1):47-56. doi:10.29329/ijiasr.2017.99.5.
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